Mainland	Taiwan	Difference
Group 1	Government narrows the gap between the rich and the poor.	21.59	32.50	-10.91
	People choose the government leaders in free and fair elections.	29.01	26.32	2.69
	Government does not waste any public money.	11.16	17.77	-6.61
	People are free to express their political views openly.	19.80	19.40	0.4
	Do not understand the question/Cannot choose/No answer	18.44	4.02	14.42
	Procedural democratic understanding	48.81	45.72	3.09
	Substantive democratic understanding	32.75	50.27	-17.52
Group 2	The legislature has oversight over the government.	18.50	13.08	5.42
	Basic necessities, such as food, clothes, and shelter, are provided for all.	31.55	34.44	-2.89
	People are free to organize political groups.	3.43	9.18	-5.75
	Government provides people with quality public services.	26.57	38.72	-12.15
	Do not understand the question/Cannot choose/No answer	19.95	4.58	15.37
	Procedural democratic understanding	21.93	22.26	-0.33
	Substantive democratic understanding	58.12	73.16	-15.04
Group 3	Government ensures law and order.	29.84	31.56	-1.72
	Media is free to criticize the things the government does.	7.97	6.57	1.4
	Government ensures job opportunities for all.	28.43	40.08	-11.65
	Multiple parties compete fairly in the election.	13.66	16.39	-2.73
	Do not understand the question/Cannot choose/No answer	20.10	5.40	14.7
	Procedural democratic understanding	21.63	22.96	-1.33
	Substantive democratic understanding	58.27	71.64	-13.37
Group 4	People have the freedom to take part in protests and demonstrations.	5.87	14.64	-8.77
	Politics is clean and free of corruption.	24.23	28.63	-4.4
	The court protects the ordinary people from the abuse of government power.	35.11	29.50	5.61
	People receive state aid if they are unemployed.	14.23	22.36	-8.13
	Do not understand the question/Cannot choose/No answer	20.55	4.87	15.68
	Procedural democratic understanding	40.98	44.14	-3.16
	Substantive democratic understanding	38.46	50.99	-12.53