| Control variables |
Age |
.06** |
3.52 |
.89 |
1.13 |
| Education |
-.04* |
-2.56 |
.96 |
1.04 |
| Period of residence |
-.05** |
-2.99 |
.87 |
1.15 |
| Contingent factors |
[Local gov.] Openness and expertise |
.09** |
3.46 |
.36 |
2.78 |
| [Local gov.] Hierarchy and regulation |
-.04 |
-1.71 |
.59 |
1.69 |
| [Leader] Communication and social responsibility activities |
-.02 |
.60 |
.24 |
4.14 |
| [Leader] Law compliance |
-.09*** |
-3.82 |
.44 |
2.25 |
| [Leader] Political orientation |
.06** |
3.45 |
.86 |
1.16 |
| [Leader] Transformational leadership |
.13*** |
3.61 |
.20 |
5.13 |
| [Leader]Transactional leadership |
.06** |
2.65 |
.47 |
2.13 |
| [Situational] Perceived citizenship |
.07** |
3.30 |
.57 |
1.75 |
|
[Situational] Perceived severity of the COVID-19 issue |
-.01 |
-.28 |
.89 |
1.16 |
| Functional characteristics of a city |
Environmental infrastructure |
-.02 |
-.87 |
.74 |
1.36 |
| Cultural infrastructure |
.03 |
1.36 |
.63 |
1.60 |
| Living infrastructure and city competitiveness |
.68*** |
30.13 |
.50 |
2 .01 |